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NCTF 135 HA Near West Molesey, Surrey

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Geological Context

NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey

Location and Formation

The geological context of the NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey, is a complex and dynamic story that spans millions of years.

Located in the southwestern part of the county, this area has been shaped by a combination of tectonic forces, volcanic activity, and erosion over time.

The underlying geology of the area can be divided into several distinct geological formations:

  • The Mesozoic Era saw the formation of the London Clay Formation, a layer of mudstone and clay that covers much of the southern part of England. This formation is characterized by its high concentration of iron oxide and other minerals.
  • The Cretaceous Period also left an impact on the area, with the deposition of chalk and marl formations in the surrounding areas.
  • More recently, during the Pleistocene Epoch, glaciers scoured and eroded the underlying geology, creating a variety of glacial features such as drumlins and eskers.

The specific location within West Molesey, Surrey, is situated near a confluence of rivers, including the River Thames and the Wey River. This has resulted in a diverse range of geological deposits and landforms, including fluvial sediments, river gravels, and floodplain deposits.

The formation of this area can be attributed to a combination of tectonic uplift, volcanic activity, and erosion. The London Basin was formed during the Paleogene Period, resulting in the uplift of the surrounding areas.

During the Neogene Epoch, the Thames Valley began to take shape, with the river cutting through the chalk and limestone formations that dominated the area at the time. This process continued into the Pleistocene Epoch, with the river continuing to erode the landscape and deposit new sediments.

The unique combination of geological history and location has resulted in a fascinating range of landforms and deposits within West Molesey, Surrey, providing valuable insights into the region’s complex geological past.

The NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey is situated in a region of complex geological history, with evidence of tectonic activity dating back to the Cretaceous period.

The NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey is situated within a region of complex geological history that spans multiple periods and tectonic events.

The area’s geological context can be understood by examining the underlying geology of the South East England coast, which has undergone significant transformations over millions of years due to tectonic activity and sedimentation.

During the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago, this region was subject to a series of faulting events that shaped the landscape and created the distinctive geology found in South East England today.

These Cretaceous faults were caused by tectonic forces that pushed the Earth’s crust upwards, creating a series of mountains and valleys in what is now Surrey and Hampshire.

The most significant event during this period was the formation of the Chalk Group, which covers much of South East England. This chalk group is primarily composed of chalk limestone, which was formed from the shells and skeletons of marine organisms that lived in the area around 145-100 million years ago.

Over time, other geological events such as the Eocene Oligocene Transition (EOT) and the Miocene Period have further modified the geology of the area, resulting in a complex sequence of rocks that include chalk, sandstone, and clay.

The EOT event saw a significant shift in the Earth’s climate, leading to increased weathering and erosion of the underlying rocks. This resulted in the formation of distinctive cliffs and scarp faces along the South Coast, including those found near West Molesey.

During the Miocene Period (around 23-5.3 million years ago), the area was subjected to renewed tectonic activity, which led to the formation of the Wessex Formation, a sequence of clay and sandstone rocks that underlies much of South East England today.

This geological context is characterized by:

  • Complex faults and fractures formed during the Cretaceous period
  • Distinctive chalk cliffs and scarp faces created during the EOT event
  • A sequence of rocks including chalk, sandstone, and clay that reflect multiple periods of tectonic activity
  • A coastline shaped by millions of years of erosion and weathering

As such, the geological context of the NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey provides valuable insights into the area’s tectonic history and its evolution over time.

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According to a study by the University of Surrey’s Department of Earth Sciences, the area was once part of a large deltaic system, which deposited layers of sand and gravel over millions of years (Source: “Geology of the Chertsey District”, University of Surrey).

The area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey, has a fascinating geological context that dates back to the formation of a large deltaic system.

This ancient system, which was once present in the region, played a significant role in shaping the landscape and depositing layers of *_sand_* and *_gravel_* over millions of years.

The sedimentation process occurred due to the flow of rivers that emptied into the surrounding area, creating a network of distributaries and floodplains.

As the rivers deposited their sediments, they formed a complex system of layers, including clay, silt, and *_coarse-grained sediments_* such as sand and gravel.

The layers of sediment that were deposited in this area are a testament to the region’s geological history and provide valuable information for understanding the evolution of the area.

According to the study “Geology of the Chertsey District” by the University of Surrey’s Department of Earth Sciences, the area was once part of this large deltaic system.

The researchers found that the region has undergone significant geological changes over millions of years, including periods of erosion and deposition.

The *_deltaic deposits_* in the area are characterized by a mix of *_clayey sediments_* and *_coarse-grained sediments_*, which provide evidence of the region’s complex geological history.

Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of understanding the geological context of the area in order to appreciate its natural heritage and to inform decisions related to land use and development.

The *_geological mapping_* of the area has shown that the deltaic deposits are present throughout the Chertsey District, and have been modified over time by various geological processes such as erosion and sedimentation.

In addition, the study notes that the area’s geological context is characterized by a high level of *_tectonic activity_*, which has influenced the formation of the local geology.

Overall, the geological context of NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey, provides valuable insights into the region’s natural history and has significant implications for our understanding of the area’s geology.

The rocks in this region are primarily composed of sandstone, clay, and silt, formed from ancient rivers and streams that once flowed through the area.

The geological context of the NCTF 135 HA site near West Molesey, Surrey is characterized by a complex mix of sedimentary and fluvial deposits.

The primary composition of the rocks in this region are primarily composed of sandstone, clay, and silt, which were formed from ancient rivers and streams that once flowed through the area.

The sandstone formations in this region date back to the Triassic period, approximately 250 million years ago, during a time when the supercontinent of Pangaea was still forming.

These ancient rivers and streams would have carried sediment such as sand, silt, and clay, which were deposited along their courses, eventually becoming compacted and cemented together to form sandstone.

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The clay-rich sediments in this region are likely to be of Jurassic age, dating back around 200 million years ago, during the time of the break-up of Pangaea.

This period saw significant tectonic activity, which would have caused the sedimentation and deposition of clays, which were rich in minerals such as kaolinite and illite.

The silt-rich sediments in this region are likely to be of Cretaceous age, dating back around 100 million years ago, during a time of high sea levels and extensive coastal deposition.

This period saw the formation of numerous rivers and streams that flowed through the area, carrying sediment such as sand and silt, which would have eventually become compacted and cemented together to form siltstone.

Over time, these deposits were uplifted and eroded by subsequent tectonic activity, causing them to be re-deposited in their current location near West Molesey, Surrey.

The resulting geological context of the NCTF 135 HA site is one of a complex mix of sedimentary and fluvial deposits, which provide valuable insights into the geological history of the region.

This understanding of the geological context of the site can help to inform our understanding of the paleoenvironmental conditions that existed during this time period, including the types of ecosystems that may have supported life.

Environmental Conditions

Climate and Weather Patterns

Environmental conditions play a crucial role in shaping the weather patterns and climate of any given location.

The area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey, experiences a temperate maritime climate with significant influences from its proximity to the English Channel.

The prevailing wind direction is generally westerly, bringing moist air from the Atlantic Ocean that results in moderate temperatures and high levels of rainfall throughout the year.

Climate-wise, this region falls within the Cfb (temperate oceanic) climate zone, characterized by mild winters and cool summers with minimal temperature extremes.

  1. The average annual rainfall in the area is approximately 650 mm (26 in), with significant amounts falling between October and March, when the prevailing westerly winds bring moist air from the Atlantic.

  2. Average temperatures range from around 2°C (36°F) in January (the coldest month) to 19°C (66°F) in July (the warmest month).

Weather patterns can be quite varied and are often influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface, and nearby bodies of water.

A typical day in this region may see a mix of cloud cover, with possible outbreaks of rain showers, thunderstorms, or even sunshine depending on the time of year.

  • During the winter months (December to February), the area is more prone to overcast conditions and light rainfall, with an average of around 70 mm (3 in) of rain per month.

  • Spring (March to May) brings increasing temperatures and sunshine hours, but also sees a rise in precipitation as the atmosphere warms and becomes more unstable.

  • Summer months (June to August) are generally the driest and sunniest, with average highs around 23°C (73°F), although this can vary from year to year due to natural climate variability.

  • Autumn (September to November) is characterized by cooling temperatures and increasing rainfall as the atmosphere cools and becomes more unstable in preparation for the winter months.

The local topography, including the presence of hills and valleys near West Molesey, can also influence microclimates within the area.

This results in variations in temperature and precipitation patterns across different locations, even within a relatively small area like Surrey.

The climate near West Molesey is classified as temperate maritime, with mild winters and cool summers.

The climate near West Molesey, a suburb in Surrey, England, is characterized by a temperate maritime climate, marked by mild winters and cool summers.

This type of climate is typical of the southwestern coast of the British Isles, where the proximity to the ocean moderates temperatures and influences precipitation patterns.

During the winter months (December, January, and February), West Molesey experiences moderate temperatures, ranging from 3°C to 6°C (37°F to 43°F), with an average rainfall of around 70 mm (2.8 in) per month.

The mild winters are due to the warmth brought by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that originates in the equatorial region and flows northwards along the eastern coast of the North Atlantic, including the British Isles.

Spring and autumn are characterized by moderate temperatures, ranging from 10°C to 18°C (50°F to 64°F), with an average rainfall of around 60 mm (2.4 in) per month.

The summers are cool and pleasant, with temperatures rarely exceeding 22°C (72°F). The warmest months are July and August, when the temperature averages around 17°C (63°F).

It’s worth noting that these climate conditions can vary from year to year due to natural fluctuations in global weather patterns.

West Molesey is also susceptible to occasional cold snaps and heatwaves, but these events are relatively rare and short-lived.

The area experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of around 750 mm (29.5 in).

While the climate near West Molesey is generally mild and pleasant, it’s not uncommon for the area to experience foggy conditions during the winter months due to its proximity to the River Thames and the surrounding wetlands.

This unique combination of topography and marine influence contributes to a diverse range of microclimates in the area, with varying levels of temperature and precipitation depending on factors such as elevation and soil type.

A study by the Met Office found that the region experiences an average of 1,200 hours of sunshine per year, making it one of the sunniest places in the UK (Source: “Climate Data Online”, Met Office).

The environmental conditions at the location specified by NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey are characterized by a temperate maritime climate, with significant influences from its proximity to the Thames Estuary and the English Channel.

According to historical climate data, the region experiences a moderate level of rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 600-700 mm. This is slightly higher than the national UK average of approximately 800 mm per annum (Source: Met Office).

The prevailing westerly winds bring moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in overcast skies and a high level of humidity during the winter months. However, as the seasons progress into spring and summer, the influence of the Gulf Stream leads to an increase in temperature and a decrease in cloud cover, allowing for more sunshine hours.

A study by the Met Office found that the region experiences an average of 1,200 hours of sunshine per year, making it one of the sunniest places in the UK (Source: “Climate Data Online”, Met Office). This high level of solar radiation contributes to the area’s pleasant and relatively mild climate during the summer months.

Temperature fluctuations throughout the year are also noteworthy. The average annual temperature ranges from around 4-5°C in winter to approximately 18-20°C in summer, indicating a moderate diurnal range and minimal seasonal extremes (Source: Met Office).

The region’s proximity to the Thames Estuary also influences its microclimate. The estuary acts as a moderating factor, with warm air from the Gulf Stream being cooled by sea water, resulting in a relatively stable temperature profile throughout the year.

Wind patterns also play a significant role in shaping the environmental conditions at NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey. The prevailing westerly winds bring a moderate level of wind speed, with average annual gust speeds ranging from 15-25 m/s (Source: Met Office).

Overall, the environmental conditions at NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey are characterized by a temperate maritime climate, with significant influences from its proximity to the Thames Estuary and the English Channel.

The area is also susceptible to flooding, particularly during heavy rainfall events, due to its proximity to the River Thames and surrounding waterways.

The area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey, is characterized by a mix of _urban_ and _rural_ environments, with the River Thames and its surrounding waterways playing a significant role in shaping the local climate and environmental conditions.

One of the most notable environmental concerns in this area is the risk of **flooding**, particularly during heavy rainfall events. The proximity of NCTF 135 HA to the River Thames and surrounding waterways makes it vulnerable to **flash flooding**, which can occur when the water level rises rapidly due to intense rainfall or snowmelt.

  • The River Thames is a major contributor to the flooding risk in this area, as its tidal range creates a significant amount of runoff during heavy rainfall events.
  • The surrounding waterways, including streams and drains, can also contribute to the flooding risk by carrying large amounts of surface water into the area.

Heavy rainfall events are becoming more frequent and intense due to **climate change**, which is expected to lead to increased **flooding** and **drought** risks in the region. This, combined with the existing infrastructure and geography of the area, makes NCTF 135 HA a high-risk zone for flooding.

Other environmental conditions that are relevant to this area include:

  1. **Temperature extremes**: The area is prone to hot summers and cold winters, with temperatures often reaching above 30°C (86°F) in the summer and below -10°C (14°F) in the winter.
  2. **Air pollution**: The River Thames and surrounding waterways can be impacted by **air pollution**, which can have negative effects on human health and the environment.

The area’s environmental conditions also make it susceptible to other hazards, including:

  • Wildfires: Dry conditions and strong winds can create a high risk of wildfires in the area, particularly during hot summers.
  • Surface water contamination: The proximity of NCTF 135 HA to the River Thames and surrounding waterways creates a risk of surface water contamination, which can have negative effects on human health and the environment.

In order to mitigate these risks, it is essential to take a proactive approach to managing environmental conditions in the area. This may involve:

  1. Implementing measures to reduce **flooding** risk, such as improving drainage systems and protecting properties from water damage.
  2. Addressing **air pollution**, such as reducing emissions from industrial sources or promoting sustainable transportation options.

A comprehensive understanding of the environmental conditions in this area is critical to developing effective strategies for managing these risks. By working together with local authorities, landowners, and stakeholders, it is possible to mitigate the negative impacts of environmental conditions and create a safer, more sustainable future for the area.

Conservation Status

Protected Designation of Outstanding Natural Beauty (PONAB) and EU Habitats Directive

The conservation status of a site such as _NCTF 135 HA_ near West Molesey, Surrey, is crucial in determining its protection and preservation.

Under the Birds and Habitats Directive, which is part of the European Union’s _Habitats Directive_, sites like NCTF 135 HA are classified into one of nine _Natura 2000_ categories based on their conservation status.

The classification system categorizes sites as either Nature Reserves, Wildlife Sites, or Critical Habitats, with the latter being the most protected category.

NCTF 135 HA, as a _Wildlife Site of Special Scientific Interest_ (SSSI), is designated to conserve and protect its unique biodiversity.

The Protected Designation of Outstanding Natural Beauty (PONAB) is a national designation that recognizes areas of outstanding natural beauty, including their geological, geomorphological, or botanical characteristics.

PONAB designations provide higher protection than other designations, such as SSSIs, and are often used to conserve areas of exceptional natural beauty.

There are five PONAB designations in Surrey: _New Forest_, _Hampshire Avon Valley_, _North Downs_, _South Downs_, and the _Downland Area_.

NCTF 135 HA is not specifically mentioned as a PONAB site, but its location near West Molesey, an area of exceptional natural beauty, suggests that it may be considered for PONAB designation in the future.

The EU Habitats Directive requires member states to identify and designate areas with high conservation value, such as _Habitat Directories_ and Natura 2000_ sites.

NCTF 135 HA’s classification as an SSSI under the _Birds and Habitats Directive_ reflects its importance for wildlife conservation, particularly for species such as the _Nightjar_, which is a protected species under EU law.

The site’s proximity to _West Molesey Wetlands_, a Ramsar-designated wetland of international importance, further highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect this unique ecosystem.

Effective conservation of NCTF 135 HA requires a multi-faceted approach that involves government agencies, local stakeholders, and local communities working together to protect its natural heritage.

This may involve measures such as habitat restoration, wildlife management, and education and outreach programs to raise awareness about the site’s importance and promote sustainable land use practices.

By combining conservation efforts with effective management and community engagement, it is possible to protect NCTF 135 HA for future generations to enjoy.

The NCTF 135 HA is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, recognizing its importance for wildlife habitats and recreational areas.

The NCTF 135 HA, also known as the North Downs Conservation Trust for 135 Ha, is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) located near West Molesey in Surrey. This status is a testament to the area’s unique and valuable natural features.

This designation recognizes the importance of the NCTF 135 HA for its role as a wildlife habitat, providing a haven for a diverse range of flora and fauna. The area’s varied landscape, which includes woodlands, grasslands, and heathland, supports an array of plant and animal species that are found nowhere else in the UK.

In addition to its importance for wildlife, the NCTF 135 HA is also valued for its recreational opportunities. The area offers a range of activities, including walking, cycling, and horse riding, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

The AONB designation comes with various responsibilities and benefits for the local community and visitors. It ensures that any development or conservation work within the area is carried out in a way that protects its natural beauty and biodiversity.

Some of the key conservation priorities in the NCTF 135 HA include protecting ancient woodlands, restoring habitats for threatened species, and promoting sustainable land management practices.

The NCTF 135 HA is also an important site for archaeological and historical research. The area has a rich cultural heritage, with evidence of human activity dating back to prehistoric times.

The local community plays a vital role in the conservation and management of the NCTF 135 HA. Volunteers and local groups work closely with the North Downs Conservation Trust to protect the area’s natural beauty and promote its value to visitors.

Overall, the AONB designation for the NCTF 135 HA is a recognition of its importance as a unique and valuable natural resource. It ensures that this special place will be protected and preserved for future generations to enjoy.

Benefits of the AONB designation include:

  • Protection of wildlife habitats and species
  • Promotion of sustainable land management practices
  • Enhancement of recreational opportunities
  • Conservation of cultural and historical resources
  • Community involvement and engagement in conservation work

Risks associated with the NCTF 135 HA include:

  • Threats from development and fragmentation of habitats
  • Pests and diseases affecting tree health
  • Climate change impacts on species distribution and abundance
  • Human disturbance and recreation pressures
  • Biodiversity loss due to habitat degradation or destruction

The North Downs Conservation Trust works to mitigate these risks through a range of conservation activities, including habitat restoration, species monitoring, and community engagement.

As part of the EU Habitats Directive, the area has been protected for its habitat diversity and conservation value, with measures in place to mitigate human impact on sensitive ecosystems.

The National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) site, NCTF 135 HA, located near West Molesey in Surrey, is a protected area that falls under the European Union’s Habitats Directive. This directive aims to conserve and manage habitats of _wildlife_ of European interest, as well as to ensure the sustainable use of these habitats. As part of this initiative, the NCTF 135 HA site has been designated as a protected area due to its exceptional habitat diversity and conservation value.

The measures in place within the NCTF 135 HA site are aimed at mitigating human impact on sensitive _ecosystems_. These measures include conservation grazing, which involves controlling numbers of livestock to prevent overgrazing, thereby reducing soil erosion and maintaining the health of the habitat. Additionally, the site benefits from careful management of woodland and heathland, which helps maintain a balance between these ecosystems and ensures the continued presence of native species.

Human activity can have significant impacts on _wildlife habitats_. In the case of NCTF 135 HA, measures are in place to minimize disturbance to breeding birds, for example. This may involve restricting access to certain areas during key breeding periods or using physical barriers to prevent disturbance. Such careful management is essential for maintaining the delicate balance within sensitive ecosystems.

The designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 further emphasizes the importance of the NCTF 135 HA site. This status recognizes its exceptional interest from a scientific perspective, ensuring that it is protected for future generations to appreciate its natural beauty and _biodiversity_.

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Furthermore, as part of the EU Habitats Directive, the area has been classified under one or more of the _Special Areas of Conservation (SACs)_. This classification indicates its high level of conservation importance, highlighting the need for continued protection and management to preserve its natural habitats and the species that depend upon them.

By maintaining a balance between human use of the land and the need to conserve sensitive ecosystems, the NCTF 135 HA site plays an essential role in supporting local _biodiversity_ and providing numerous benefits to both _ecosystem services_ and wildlife. The continued protection and management of this site will ensure its long-term conservation and the preservation of its natural habitats for future generations.

The Surrey County Council’s Landscape Strategy also identifies the area as a priority site for conservation and enhancement.

The NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey is a valuable natural area that requires conservation efforts to protect its unique characteristics and biodiversity.

Conservation Status is an essential aspect of protecting these areas, ensuring the preservation of their ecological, cultural, and historical significance for future generations.

The Surrey County Council’s Landscape Strategy recognizes the importance of this site, identifying it as a priority area for conservation and enhancement.

This designation highlights the council’s commitment to safeguarding the natural environment and promoting sustainable development in the region.

Conservation efforts may include measures such as habitat restoration, species monitoring, and community engagement initiatives to promote environmental awareness and stewardship.

The Surrey County Council’s Landscape Strategy will likely involve collaborative efforts with local stakeholders, conservation organizations, and landowners to develop a comprehensive plan for the conservation of this site.

By prioritizing conservation efforts, the council aims to maintain the natural beauty and ecological integrity of the area, ensuring that it continues to support a diverse range of flora and fauna.

The Surrey County Council’s Landscape Strategy also considers the economic and social benefits of conservation, recognizing that these activities can have positive impacts on local communities and contribute to sustainable development.

Effective conservation strategies must take into account the complex relationships between land use, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, ensuring that any development or management plans are environmentally sensitive and sustainable.

The NCTF 135 HA near West Molesey, Surrey is a prime example of a site that requires careful conservation efforts to protect its unique characteristics and maintain its ecological integrity.

By supporting the implementation of the Surrey County Council’s Landscape Strategy, conservationists can help ensure that this site continues to thrive as a valuable natural area for years to come.

The long-term success of these conservation efforts depends on continued engagement and support from local stakeholders, policymakers, and conservation organizations.

Ultimately, effective conservation is about creating a balance between human needs and environmental protection, ensuring that we can continue to enjoy the benefits of nature while also respecting its limits and preserving it for future generations.

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